Linux Commands - Part 1

 Here is a list of basic Linux terminal commands that are essential for new users:

1. ls - List files and directories in the current directory.

   - Example: `ls`

2. cd - Change directory.

   - Example: `cd /path/to/directory`

3. pwd - Print the current working directory.

   - Example: `pwd`

4. mkdir - Create a new directory.

   - Example: `mkdir new_directory`

5. rmdir - Remove an empty directory.

   - Example: `rmdir empty_directory`

6. touch - Create an empty file or update the timestamp of an existing file.

   - Example: `touch filename.txt`

7. rm - Remove files or directories.

   - To remove a file: `rm filename.txt`

   - To remove a directory and its contents (use with caution): `rm -r directory_name`

8. cp - Copy files or directories.

   - Example: `cp file.txt /path/to/destination`

9. mv - Move or rename files or directories.

   - To move: `mv file.txt /path/to/destination`

   - To rename: `mv oldname.txt newname.txt`

10. cat - Display the contents of a file.

    - Example: `cat filename.txt`

11. less or more - View a file one page at a time.

    - Example: `less filename.txt`

12. head - Display the beginning of a file.

    - Example: `head filename.txt`

13. tail - Display the end of a file.

    - Example: `tail filename.txt`

14. nano or vim - Text editors for creating and editing files in the terminal.

    - Example (nano): `nano filename.txt`

15. grep - Search for text within files.

    - Example: `grep "search_term" filename.txt`

16. chmod - Change file permissions.

    - Example: `chmod 644 filename.txt` (sets read and write permissions for the owner, and read-only for others)

17. chown - Change file ownership.

    - Example: `chown user:group filename.txt`

18. ps - List running processes.

    - Example: `ps aux`

19. kill - Terminate processes by their process ID (PID).

    - Example: `kill PID`

20. sudo - Execute a command as the superuser or with elevated privileges.

    - Example: `sudo command`

21. df - Display disk space usage.

    - Example: `df -h`

22. du - Display file and directory space usage.

    - Example: `du -sh directory`

23. tar - Create or extract compressed archive files.

    - Example (create): `tar -cvzf archive.tar.gz /path/to/directory`

    - Example (extract): `tar -xvzf archive.tar.gz`

24. wget or curl - Download files from the internet.

    - Example (wget): `wget https://example.com/file.zip`

    - Example (curl): `curl -O https://example.com/file.zip`

25. history - View a list of recently executed commands.

    - Example: `history`

These commands should help you get started with basic Linux terminal operations. Remember to exercise caution, especially when working with commands like `rm` and `sudo`, as they can have significant consequences if used incorrectly.